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For the record label, see Dog Meat Records.
A platter of cooked dog meat in Guilin, China
| Dog meat Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) |
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| Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. Source: Yong-Geun Ann (1999)Ann Yong-Geun "Dog Meat Foods in Korea", Table 4. Composition of dog meat and Bosintang (in 100g, raw meat), Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition 12(4) 397 - 408 (1999). |
In some countries, apart from being kept as pets, certain breeds of dogs are raised on farms and slaughtered for their meat. Dog meat may be consumed as an alternative source of meat or for specific medicinal benefits attributed to various parts of a dog. In parts of the world where dogs are kept as pets, people generally consider the use of dogs for food to be a social taboo. Though the consumption of dog meat is generally viewed as taboo in Western culture, some Westerners support the right to eat dog meat and accuse other Westerners who protest against dog eating in other countries of cultural imperialism and intolerance.William Saletan (January 16 2002). Wok The Dog -- What\'s wrong with eating man\'s best friend?. slate.com. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.Ahmed Zihni (2004). Dog Meat Dilemma. sunysb.edu. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.John Feffer (June 2 2002). The Politics of Dog - When globalization and culinary practice clash. Retrieved on 2007-05-11. Joey Skaggs, for instance, organized a hoax in the USA in which a fictitious Korean restaurant asked for dogs to be made into dog meat in order to expose the alleged intolerance of those opposed to dog-eating. Letter from Kea So Joo, Inc, 1994. snopes.com (May 1994). Retrieved on 2006-12-01. Kim Yung Soo (a.k.a. Joey Skaggs) (May 1994). Kea So Joo, a.k.a. Dog Meat Soup. joeyskaggs.com. Retrieved on 2006-12-01. Others, however, oppose the consumption of dog meat in non-Western countries, particularly Korea. They perceive dogs as inherently emotional and friendly to humanity, arguing that the slaughter of a dog for food is excessively cruel. Comments on action \'Stop the dog-meat trade in Korea\'. AnimalFreedom.org. Retrieved on 2007-08-06. Sunnan Kum (September 2003). Sunnan\'s speech at the HK conference. Friends of Dogs, Korean Animal Protection Society. Retrieved on 2007-08-06. Withdraw The “Hygienic Control of Dog Meat”. Korean Animal Protection Society (March 2005). Retrieved on 2007-08-06. Koreans At Their Worst - Killing & Eating Dogs and Cats. dogbiz.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-06. In Islamic culture, eating dogs is forbidden under Muslim dietary laws.Translation of Sahih Muslim, Book 21: The Book of Games and the Animals which May be Slaughtered and the Animals that Are to be Eaten.. USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts. Retrieved on 2007-05-27. Chapter 3: It is unlawful to eat fanged beasts of prey and birds with talons
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Cultural attitudes, legalities, and history regarding human consumption of dog meat varies from country to country. Very little statistical information is available on attitudes to consumption dog meat.
Dogs have historically been an emergency food source for various peoples in Siberia, Alaska, northern Canada, and Greenland. Sled dogs are usually maintained for pulling sleds, but occasionally are eaten when no other food is available.
Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen famously ate sled dogs during his expedition to the South Pole to survive. By eating some of the sled dogs he was able to transport less dog food, thus lightening his load.
Although consumption of dog meat is not part of mainstream Canadian culture, it is practised by some cultural minorities. In 2003 , health inspectors discovered four frozen canine carcasses in the freezer of a Chinese restaurant in Edmonton."Ready-to-cook canines at Edmonton restaurant", Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, November 5 2003. Retrieved on 2007-04-19. Subsequently, the Edmonton health inspector said that it is not illegal to sell and eat the meat of dogs and other canines, as long as the meat has been inspected."Dog meat legal, health inspector says", Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, November 7 2003. Retrieved on 2007-04-19. In the end, these four particular canine carcasses were found to be coyotes. Ed Greenburg, an official with Edmonton\'s Capital Health Region, said the fact that the animals were coyotes doesn\'t change anything and inspectors are still looking into the possibility that uninspected meat was served at the restaurant. Under Canada\'s Wildlife Act, it is illegal to sell meat from any wild species. There is no law against selling and serving canine meat, including dogs, but it must be killed and gutted in front of federal inspectors."Canine carcasses at Edmonton restaurant were coyotes", Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, November 11 2003. Retrieved on 2007-04-19.
Dog meat (Chinese: 狗肉; pinyin: gǒu ròu) has been a source of food in parts of China from at least the time of Confucius, and possibly even before. Ancient writings from the Zhou Dynasty referred to the "three beasts"[cite this quote] (which were bred for food), including pig, goat, and dog. Mencius, the philosopher, recommended dog as the tastiest of all meats[cite this quote]. Dog meat is sometimes euphemistically called "fragrant meat" (香肉 xiāng ròu) or "mutton of the earth" (地羊 dì yáng) in Mandarin Chinese and "3-6 fragrant meat" (traditional Chinese: 三六香肉; Cantonese Yale: sàam luhk hèung yuhk) in Cantonese (3 plus 6 is 9 and the words "nine" and "dog" are homophones, both pronounced gáu in Cantonese).
In the past in China, during a hard season when the food store was depleted, dogs were occasionally slaughtered as an emergency food supply. Today it is consumed for its perceived medicinal value of increasing the positive energy of one\'s body (the yang),[citation needed] and helping to regulate blood circulation.[citation needed] Due to this belief, people eat dog meat in the winter to help to keep themselves warm. Jeffries, Stuart. "Fang shui", Sydney morning Hearald, 2004-12-29. Retrieved on 2006-09-04. (english) "Dog meat row hits HK chain", BBC News, 4 August 2002.
Contrary to some popular beliefs, the Chinese eat only dogs raised specifically for meat, not those raised as pets. The dogs are slaughtered between 6 and 12 months of age allegedly because of their size at that age, and for desirability of the meat.[citation needed]
Despite being a socially acceptable practice, the average Chinese does not usually consume dog meat as it is relatively expensive compared to other meat choices and hence generally more accessible to affluent Chinese.Rupert Wingfield-Hayes. "China\'s taste for the exotic", BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-05-15. More concentrated dog meat consumption areas in China are in the northeast, south and southwestern areas.Batik, waterfalls and dog meat in rural China. Retrieved on 2006-09-06. Peixian County in Northern Jiangsu is well-known in China for the production of a dog-meat stew flavoured with soft-shelled turtle. The dish is said to have been invented by Fan Kuai and to have been a favourite with Liu Bang, founder of the Han dynasty.[citation needed] 300,000 dogs are killed in the county each year, much of the meat being processed into stew for export across China and Korea.[citation needed]
The Chinese normally cook the dog meat by stewing it with thick gravy or by roasting it. One method of preparing the dog carcass is by immersion in boiling water, allowing the skin to be peeled off in one pull.[citation needed]
In Hong Kong, a local ordinance dating from British colonial times, which has been retained after the handover to Chinese sovereignty, prohibits the slaughter of any dog or cat for use as food, whether for mankind or otherwise, on pain of fine and imprisonment. Slaughter of dog or cat for food prohibited. Hong Kong Bilingual Laws information System (1997-06-30). Retrieved on 2006-12-01. Slaughter of dog or cat for food - Penalty. Hong Kong Bilingual Laws information System (1997-06-30). Retrieved on 2006-12-01. Four local men were sentenced to 30 days imprisonment in December 2006 for having slaughtered two dogs. Cheng, Jonathan (2006-12-23). Dog-for-food butchers jailed (DUBIOUS first case). The Standard - China\'s Business Newspaper. Retrieved on 2007-01-10. In an earlier case, in February of 1998, a Hongkonger was sentenced to one month imprisonment and a fine of two thousand HK dollars for hunting street dogs for food. First Case Imprisonment in HK for Dog Meal (2006-05-29). Retrieved on 2006-12-23. Apart from this, a large proportion of Hong Kong residents are currently against the consumption of dog meat.
For Korean people in Japan, China is the only exporter of dog meat to Japan and exported 31 ton in 2006.(Japanese) 平成18年動物検疫年報仕出地域別輸入検疫状況, Quarantine Statics, The Animal Quarantine Service,[1] Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan). In Japan dog meat is available in Korean towns such as Tsuruhashi, Osaka and Okubo, Tokyo. Korean residents in Japan frequent dog meat restaurants there.[2]
Some controversy has emerged about the treatment of dogs in China not because of the consumption itself, but because of other factors like cruelty involved with the killing including allegations that animals are skinned while still alive.
In recent years, more and more Chinese people changed their attitude towards eating dog meat from \'personal choice \'to \'unnecessary cruelty\'. A growing movement against consumption of cat and dog meat has gained attention from people in mainland China. Those changes began about two years after the formation of the Chinese Companion Animal Protection Network, a networking project of Chinese Animal Protection Network. Expanded to more than 40 member societies, CCAPN in January 2006 began organizing well-publicized protests against dog and cat eating, starting in Guangzhou, following up in more than ten other cities "with very optimal response from public."Reuters: Guangzhou bans eating snakes--ban helps cats. Retrieved on 2008-2-16.
Since Jan 2007, more than ten Chinese groups have joined an online signing event against the consumption of cat and dog meat. The signatures indicate that the participants will avoid eating cat and dog meat in the future. This online signing event received more than 40,000 signatures from public and has been circulated around the country. Reuters: Say no to cat dog meat. Retrieved on 2008-2-16. Supportors of this online event also organized offline events in many cities, including several high profile performance-art shows.
Some Chinese restaurants in the United States serve "imitation dog meat", which is usually pulled pork and purportedly flavored like dog meat. e.g. "Northern Chinese Restaurant", Rosemead, CA Northern Chinese Restaurant, Rosemead, CA. Retrieved on 2008-2-16.
In France, dogs were widely eaten during famines. ”Pari shi no ura dori”『パリ史の裏通り』 Toshio Horii, Hakusui-sha, August 1999 ISBN 4-560-07343-0
Dog meat has been eaten in every major German crisis at least since the time Frederick the Great, and is commonly referred to as "blockade mutton."Dachshunds Are Tenderer, November 25, 1940, <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,884181,00.html>. Retrieved on 2008-01-20 In the early 20th century, consumption of dog meat in Germany was common.GERMANY\'S DOG MEAT MARKET; Consumption of Canines and Horses Is on the Increase., The New York Times, June 23, 1907, <http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9B04E4D9133EE033A25750C2A9609C946697D6CF&oref=slogin>. Retrieved on 2008-01-20 A law which became effective on January 1, 1941 legalized dogs, wolves, foxes, bears, badgers and wild hogs as meat, with the carcasses being inspected for trichina, dressed, stamped and distributed to butchers for rationing to general consumers. There were dog meat shops in Germany until the 1980’s.[citation needed] Commercial distribution of dog meat was banned by law in 1986. Personal consumption of dog meat, however, is still allowed.[citation needed]
Dog is eaten as an emergency food in some remote, mountainous parts of North-East India such as Mizoram and Nagaland. "Dog meat, a delicacy in Mizoram", The Hindu, December 20 2004. "Inquiries revealed that dog meat is a prized food item here." Dimapur, Nagaland\'s Biggest City (January 29 2007). “Nagaland is in many way culturally closer to South East Asia than to India proper, and this is also seen in the food culture. It is not uncommon to eat dog”N.P. Nair. "Letters", February 14 2005. "In Nagaland, dog meat is very much in demand"
In Indonesia, the consumption of dog meat is usually associated with the Minahasa, a Christian ethnic group in northern Sulawesi, who consider dog meat to be a festive dish and usually reserve it for special occasions like weddings and Christmas.Minahasa. Retrieved on 2006-12-20.
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Gaegogi literally means "dog meat" in Korean. Gaegogi, however, is often mistaken as the term for Korean soup made from dog meat, bosintang. Though proponents claim that dogs used for food are a special breed, the soup may be made from any breed of dog. Lean dog meat is preferred for bosintang compared to fatty one, such as Siberian husky, while the latter is also suitable for Gaesoju (개소주), Korean medicinal dog wine.(Korean) ""개소주용으로 쓰려고…" 시베리안 허스키 훔쳐", Nocut news/CBS (Christian Broadcasting System), 2007-10-05. "이 씨는 경찰 조사에서 "시베리안 허스키는 기름이 많아 식용으로는 가치가 떨어지지만 덩치가 크고 개소주로 사용하기에 좋아 훔쳤다"고 털어놓았다."Lee Eun-joo, "How much is that doggy on the menu?", JoongAng Ilbo, August 10, 2007.(Korean) "대법원 “개소주 ‘의약품’ 판단, 성분·효과따라 달라”", The Hankyoreh, 2004.07.28. The distaste felt by dog lovers, particularly from the West, with respect to eating dog has made this dish controversial in recent years. About twoPatrick Goodenough, "Bush Urged To Intervene In Korean \'Canine Cuisine\' Dispute", CNSNews.com, January 16, 2002.(Korean) `연간 개고기 200만 마리, 1조4천억 소비`, JoongAng Ilbo, 2006.10.24. to threeStefan Gates, "Stefan\'s diary: South Korea", Cooking in the Danger Zone, BBC Two, 1 May 2007. million dogs are consumed in South Korea every year that corresponds to more than one trillion South Korean won ($1 billion at a rate of 1 USD per 1000 KRW).
The consumption of dog meat can be traced back many years. Dog bones were excavated in a neolithic settlement in Changnyeong, South Gyeongsang Province. One of the wall paintings in the Goguryeo tombs complex in South Hwangghae Province, a UNESCO World Heritage site which dates from 4th century AD, depicts a slaughtered dog in a storehouse.
Use of dogs for meat and the methods of slaughter used have generated friction between dog lovers, both Western and Korean, and people who eat dogs; the conflict occasionally breaks out as headline news. During the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, Korea\'s capital city, the South Korean government asked its citizens not to consume dog meat to avoid bad publicity during the games. The controversy surfaced again in 2001 during the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Fifa warns S Korea over dog meat. BBC News Asia-Pacific (2001-11-06). Retrieved on 2006-12-01. S Korea dog meat row deepens. BBC News Asia-Pacific (2001-11-12). Retrieved on 2006-12-01. The organizer of the games, under pressure from animal rights groups such as PETA,"South Korean Dogs and Cats: Tortured and Boiled Alive", PETA. demanded that the Korean government re-address the issue, but little changed. Another part of the controversy stems from the methods of slaughter, which include beating to death by clubs (common in the countryside) and hanging (offenses in Korea under the Animal Protection Act 1991Animal Protection Act, Republic of KOREA, LEX-FAOC050859, Food and Agriculture Organization, 09 February 2004. although it does not include dogs as animals for human consumptionCerralbo, Yoav (2005-04-25). Dog meat\'s new tale. CBC News. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.), in order to get more adrenaline into the flesh to make it taste better. However, such methods are no longer common in industry, where generally instant electrocution is employed for economic reasons. In 2007, a South Korean online dog meat retailer opened in April but closed in July due to a flood of demands to the local officials to "shut down the site for selling illegal (dog) meat.""Netizens in Uproar Over Online Dog Meat Seller", Chosun Ilbo, July 4, 2007. A government official said, "Under the food sanitation law, animals that are not examined according to livestock processing regulations are not allowed to be sold as food... However, we will not be taking strong measures to regulate the practice since we have a tradition and culture of eating dog meat and many people enjoy it."
Today in Korea, a segment of the population enjoy bosintang (literally "invigorating soup") for its supposed "medicinal" properties. Dog meat is also widely believed to keep one cool during the intense Korean summer. Dog meat is also believed to improve male virility, although there is no medical evidence to support these claims. Many Korean Buddhists consider eating meat an offense, which includes dog meat. Unlike beef, pork, or poultry, dog meat has no legal status as food in South Korea, which has caused the industry to go underground, with no official guidelines to address concerns over hygiene and animal welfare. Some in South Korea and abroad believe that dog meat should be legalized so that only authorized preparers can deal with the meat in more humane and sanitary ways,"Call to legalise dog meat", BBC News, 28 December 2001. Retrieved on 2007-05-11. Brian Carnell (2 January 2002). South Korea May Legalize Sale of Dog Meat. animalrights.net. Retrieved on 2007-05-11. while others think that the practice should be banned by law. During the FIFA World Cup, in the face of foreign pressure to ban the sale of dog meat, a group of prominent South Koreans wrote an open letter in support of dog-eating.South Koreans hire \'Dr Dogmeat\' to woo World Cup fans - Telegraph. Retrieved on 2007-10-16. South Korea\'s top soccer official said that FIFA had no business interfering in his country\'s eating habits. Supporters of dog-eating held rallies against FIFA"South Korea\'s dog eaters bite back", BBC News, 11 january 2002. Retrieved on 2007-05-11. and launched a campaign to promote dog meat.Caroline Gluck. "South Korea promotes dog meat", BBC News, 13 January 2002. Retrieved on 2007-05-11. Caroline Gluck. "Koreans unbowed by dog meat row", BBC News, 25 January 2002. Retrieved on 2007-05-11. Brian Carnell (1 May 2002). Korean Restaurants May Offer Dog Meat Samples to World Cup Tourists. animalrights.net. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
Defying international criticism, in August 2007, Mohan Prashad Bharadwaj, a New Delhi city councilor where tens of thousands of stray dogs live in the city that become a problem, suggested "maybe we can send all the stray dogs of Delhi" to Korea where dog meat is widely consumed.Indian Politician: Ship Stray Dogs to Korea, Associated Press/Fox News Channel, August 16, 2007.
The opinion of the younger generation of Koreans towards eating dog meat is beginning to turn, as many are beginning to view dogs only as pets, and not a source of food."Dog Days Never End At Seoul Cafe", NPR, 16 August 2007. Retrieved on 2007-06-01. "S. Korean Dogs Improve Their Lot", Chicago Sun-Times, 17 November 2001. Retrieved on 2007-06-01. In a 2006 survey of 1025 South Koreans, 55% had eaten dog meat at least once( 81% of those in their fifties, 67% of those in their forties, 64% of those in their sixties, 59% of those in their thirties, 60% of teens, and 46% of those in their twenties). 64% claim to eat dog meat 1 to 3 times per year, 17% 4 to 6 times, and 11% 7 to 10 times. This amounts to a total average of 4.6 times per year per person, at 300 grams per meal. 75% think dog meat should not be banned, and many support the improvement of the sanitary conditions rather than animal welfare.
Defenders of Korean dog meat cuisine, including politicians, frequently take pride in it as a symbol of Korean nationalism, and criticize campaigns against dog meat as "an invasion of Western imperialism on Korean tradition."Han Ying, Shirley. "S. Korea\'s dogs find new champions", CNN, 2006-08-03. Retrieved on 2007-09-08. Lee, Wha Rang (1999-05-22). Dogs and Korean Nationalism (PDF). Retrieved on 2007-09-08.
Dogs were historically bred for their meat by the Aztecs. Hernán Cortés reported that when he arrived in Tenochtitlan in 1519, "small gelded dogs which they breed for eating" were among the goods sold in the city markets.Cortés, Hernan; trans. Anthony Pagden. Letters from Mexico. ISBN 0-300-03799-6. These dogs, now extinct were called itzcuintlis, and were similar to the modern Mexican Hairless Dog. They are often depicted in pre-Columbian Mexican pottery.
Dogs are eaten in some states of Nigeria including Cross River, Plateau, Taraba and Gombe of Nigeria. They are believed to have medicinal powers.Dog\'s dinners prove popular in Nigeria. Retrieved on 2006-03-06.
In the capital city of Manila, Metro Manila Commission Ordinance 82-05Metro Manila Commission Ordinance 82-05. Retrieved on 2006-10-27. specifically prohibits the killing and selling of dogs for food. More generally, the Philippine Animal Welfare Act 1998 The Animal Welfare Act 1998. Retrieved on 2006-08-30. prohibits the killing of any animal other than cattle, pigs, goats, sheep, poultry, rabbits, carabaos, horses, deer and crocodiles except in the following instances:
Nevertheless, as is reported from time to time in Philippine newspapers, the eating of dog meat is not uncommon in the Philippines.Desiree Caluza (2006-01-17). Dog meat eating doesn’t hound Cordillera natives. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved on 2006-10-27. DogMeatTrade.com,http://www.dogmeattrade.com/ www.dogmeattrade.coman organization working in the Philippines to eliminate the eating of dogs in the country, estimates that 500,000 dogs are killed annually in the Philippine Islands for human consumption.Official website. Dog Meat Trade .com (2006-01-17). Retrieved on 2006-10-27.
In the Province of Benguet, Resolution 05-392 has been passed declaring, among other things, "it has been an evolved cultural practice of indigenous peoples of the Cordillera the butchering of animals, dogs included, as part of their rituals and practices leading to its commercialization to a limited extent, and had become an inevitable common necessity in their way of life"; and resolving, among other things, "to seek the help and assistance of the Committee on Animal Welfare, Department of Agriculture, the Regional Police Office, Cordillera Administrative Region, the Provincial Police Office, Benguet Province, for the proper observance of the said rights of indigenous peoples".Resolution 05-392. Province of Benguet (2006-01-17). Retrieved on 2006-10-27.
Dogs were historically eaten in Tahiti and other islands of Polynesia including Hawaii Titcomb, M. (1969). Dog and Man in the Ancient Pacific. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. Ellis, W. (1839). Polynesian Researches. London: Fisher, Jackson. at the time of first European contact. James Cook, when first visiting Tahiti in 1769, recorded in his journal that "few were there of us but what allowe\'d that a South Sea Dog was next to an English Lamb, one thing in their favour is that they live intirely upon Vegetables". Mumford, David. The Explorations of Captain James Cook in the Pacific. ISBN 0-486-22766-9.
According to the November 21, 1996, edition of the Rheintaler Bote, a Swiss newspaper covering the Rhine Valley area, the rural Swiss cantons of Appenzell and St. Gallen are known to have had a tradition of eating dogs, curing dog meat into jerky and sausages, as well as using the lard for medicinal purposes. Dog sausage and smoked dog jerky remains a staple in the Swiss cantons of St. Gallen and Appenzell, where one farmer was quoted in a regional weekly newspaper as saying that "meat from dogs is the healthiest of all. It has shorter fibres than cow meat, has no hormones like veal, no antibiotics like pork."Joongang Ilbo, January 13, 2004; Rheintaler Bote, November 21, 1996; excerpts from both articles translated in: "And you thought they just ate fondue", Marmot\'s Hole (blog), January 14, 2004. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
A few years earlier, a news report on RTL Television on the two cantons set off a wave of protests from European animal rights activists and other concerned citizens. A 7000-name petition was filed to the commissions of the cantons, who rejected it, saying it wasn\'t the state\'s right to monitor the eating habits of its citizens.
Dog meat (Taiwanese or Minnan: 狗肉 káu-bah) is known by the euphemism "fragrant meat" (香肉 xiāng ròu) in Mandarin Chinese in Taiwan. Eating dogs has never been commonplace in Taiwan, but it is particularly eaten in the winter months, especially black dogs, which are believed to help retain body warmth. In 2004, the Taiwanese government imposed a ban on the sale of dog meat, due to both pressure from domestic animal welfare groups and a desire to improve international perceptions, although there were some protests.Taiwan Bans The Selling Of Dog Meat. Retrieved on 2006-09-06."Taiwan bans dog meat", BBC News, 2 January 2001. Retrieved on 2007-05-15. According to Lonely Planet\'s Taiwan guide, it is still possible to find dog meat on some restaurant menus, but this is becoming increasingly rare.
A dog meat platter found in a street market a few miles east of Hanoi
While not a common meat, dog meat is consumed throughout Vietnam to varying degrees of acceptability, though more predominantly in the north. There are about seven dishes featuring dog meat, and they often include the head, feet and internal organs. On Nhat Tan Street, Tây Hồ District, Hanoi, many restaurants serve dog meat, often imitating each other. Groups of customers, usually male, seated on mats, will spend their evenings sharing plates of dog meat and drinking alcohol. Dog meat is supposed to raise the libido and is sometimes considered unsuitable for women; in other words, eating dog meat serves as a male bonding exercise. Nevertheless, it is not uncommon for women to eat dog meat."Vietnam\'s dog meat tradition", BBC News, 31 December 2001. Retrieved on 2007-05-15. The consumption of dog meat can be part of a ritual usually occurring toward the end of the lunar month for reasons of astrology and luck. Restaurants which mainly exist to serve dog meat may only open for the last half of the lunar month.Arthurs, Clare (2001-12-31). Vietnam\'s dog meat tradition. BBC. Retrieved on 2006-10-10.
The traditional culture surrounding the consumption of dog meat varied from tribe to tribe among the original inhabitants of North America, with some tribes relishing it as a delicacy and others (such as the Comanche) treating it as an abhorrent practice.Native Radio First Nations peoples of the Great Plains, such as the Sioux and Cheyenne, consumed it, but there was a concurrent religious taboo against the meat of wild canines.Native American Diet The usual preparation method was boiling.
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